TL;DR — Uluhlu lokujonga amaxwebhu okhuseleko lombane ngokujonga nje
Amaxwebhu amane amasiko aseJamani aza kuwafuna ngokupheleleyo kwizinto zokufudumeza i-oven ye-toaster:(1) iSibhengezo se-EU sokuVumelana esisebenzayo esibhekisa kwi-EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023 kunye ne-LVD 2014/35/EU, esisayinwe ngummeli ogunyazisiweyo womenzi; (2) ifayile yobugcisa yokumakisha i-CE equlethe iingxelo zovavanyo lwamandla e-dielectric ezibonisa ukumelana kwe-voltage kunye nokumelana nokugquma kwe-insulation okungu-≥200MΩ; (3) Iingxelo zovavanyo lokuthobela i-RoHS 3 ezigubungela zonke izinto ezilishumi ezithintelweyo kwinqanaba lezinto ezifanayo —kuba amagunya okujonga iimarike aseJamani enze uhlolo lweemveliso olungaphezulu kwe-12,000 ngo-2024 kuphela, kunye namazinga okungathotyelwa kwemithetho yezixhobo zombane adlula i-18%(4) isatifikethi sophawu lwe-GS esivela kwiqumrhu lovavanyo elivunyiweyo yi-DGUV njenge-TÜV Rheinland okanye i-VDE ukuba ufuna izinto zakho zokufudumeza zikhuphisane nababoneleli abakwisikhundla saseJamani abasele benalo olu phawu lokuzithandela.
Ndithumele iikhonteyina ezingama-47 ezininzi zezinto zokufudumeza ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kwii-OEM zasekhitshini zorhwebo zaseYurophu kwiminyaka esibhozo edlulileyo., kwaye ndingakuxelela ngokusuka kumava anzima: ukulahlwa okuxhaphakileyo kwiindawo zokungena zaseJamani asikokuvavanywa kwe-dielectric okungaphumeleliyo — luxwebhu olungaphelelanga okanye olungacwangciswanga kakuhle oluphula uthotho lwe-EU "lokucingelwa kokuhambelana". Into yokufudumeza iyaphumelela uvavanyo ngalunye lombane. Amaphepha ayasilela. Isikhongozeli sihlala eHamburg iiveki ezintathu siqokelela amaxabiso okunciphisa ubushushu. Eli nqaku likuhambisa kuluhlu lokuhlola oluchanekileyo lwamaxwebhu endilusebenzisayo kunyeiimveliso zethungalo lonke ixesha umthengisi wekhitshi lorhwebo waseJamani efaka iodolo entsha.
Kutheni abathengisi bekhitshi lorhwebo baseJamani befuna icebo elithile lokubhala amaxwebhu ukuze bafudumale izinto
Izixhobo zasekhitshini zorhwebo zaseJamani zisebenza phantsi komgaqo-nkqubo olawulayo owahlukileyo odlula kakhulu iimfuno ze-EU ezisisiseko - kwaye nditsho oku njengomntu oye wahamba kule nkqubo kangangeminyaka elishumi.Nangona uphawu lwe-CE phantsi kweLow Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU lubonelela ngetikiti lakho lokungena ngokusemthethweni kwimarike enye yaseYurophu, abathengi baseJamani - ingakumbi abo bakhonza kwicandelo leHORECA (iHotele/indawo yokutyela/iCafé) - bahlala befuna amaxwebhu ongezelelweyo abonisa inkcubeko yokhuseleko lwemveliso yesizwe saseJamani. Ndikhe ndahlala kwiintlanganiso zokuthenga eStuttgart apho incoko itshintshe ukusuka kwiinkcazo zemveliso ukuya kuyilo lwamaxwebhu kwimizuzu elishumi yokuqala, kwaye ndingakuxelela: eJamani, amaxwebhu okuthobela imithetho ayisiyonto icingelwayo - yimveliso.
Ndifunde oku ngqo ngo-2019 xa umsasazi wezixhobo zokutyela oseHamburg wala ukuthunyelwa kwezinto zethu zokufudumeza i-oven ezimile okwe-U — kungengenxa yokuba zingaphumelelanga naluphi na uvavanyo, kodwakuba iSibhengezo sokuVumelana sibhekisele kwi-EN 60335-2-9:2010 endaweni yohlelo lwangoku, kwaye amaxabiso okumelana nobushushu axelwe kwi-500V DC xa iprotokholi yovavanyo lwe-DGUV yomthengi yayifuna iimeko zokulinganisa ze-1,000V DC.Izinto zokufudumeza zazifana ngombane. Amaphepha ayengafani. Eso yayisisifundo se-€4,700 sokuchaneka kwamaxwebhu aseJamani.
Imarike yaseJamani yongeza amanqanaba amathathu phezu kokuthobela imithetho yesiseko ye-EU: uMthetho woKhuseleko lweMveliso (Imvelisookanye iProdSG), ukususela ngo-Uvavanyo lwe-DGUVIimfuneko ziyalela ukuba yonke imveliso yomthengi ibe nolwazi lomenzi kunye nolwazi loqhagamshelwano; uphawu lwe-GS (I-Geprüfte Sicherheit), isiqinisekiso sokuzithandela kodwa esigqibeleleyo kwezorhwebo esifuna ukuhlolwa kwefektri yomntu wesithathu yiqumrhu elivunyiweyo yi-DGUV; kunye neemfuno zomshuwalense zomqhubi wekhitshi lorhwebo, ezihlala zichaza ukuba izixhobo zokufudumeza kufuneka zibe nesiqinisekiso se-VDE okanye se-TÜV njengomqathango wokugubungela uxanduva.Ngenxa yokuba imigaqo-nkqubo yeinshorensi yoxanduva yaseJamani kwiikhitshi zorhwebo idla ngokufuna ukuba zonke izinto zombane zibe nophawu lwe-GS oluvela kwiqumrhu lovavanyo elaziwayo, ukutsiba esi siqinisekiso sokuzithandela kuthetha ukuba izinto zakho zokufudumeza azinakufakwa kwiikhitshi zorhwebo ezine-inshorensi.
I-EU Low Voltage Directive (2014/35/EU): Uxwebhu lwakho lweSiseko
I-LVD ayinyanzelekanga — yimfuneko esemthethweni yokuncamathisela uphawu lwe-CE kuyo nayiphi na into yokufudumeza esebenza phakathi kwe-50V kunye ne-1,000V AC, kwaye ndiyithatha le njengoxwebhu lokuthobela imithetho olungaqondakaliyo phakathi kwabavelisi bezinto zokufudumeza baseTshayina.Kwizinto zokufudumeza i-oven ye-toaster, ezihlala zisebenza kwi-220-240V kwiimeko zaseYurophu, i-LVD isebenza ngokupheleleyo nangaphandle kwemiqathango. Mna ngokwam ndizilungisile iifayile zobugcisa ze-LVD ezivela kwiifektri ezine ezahlukeneyo zaseTshayina ezazicinga ngempazamo ukuba uphawu lwazo lwe-CE lugubungela ukuthobela i-LVD xa lugubungela i-EMC kuphela - ukungaqondani endikubonileyo kubiza abangenisi i-€12,000 okanye ngaphezulu kwizenzo zokulungisa.
Iimfuneko zokhuseleko ezibalulekileyo zichazwe kwiSihlomelo I seUmyalelo ka-2014/35/EUkwaye igubungela iindawo ezintathu: ukhuseleko lomothuko ngombane (Icandelo 2), ukhuseleko lobungozi bobushushu (Icandelo 3), kunye nokhuseleko lwempembelelo yangaphandle (Icandelo 4).Ngexesha lokujonga imakethi yaseJamani, eyona mfuneko ijongwayo kakhulu yiCandelo 2(b): ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo ekonzakaleni kunxibelelwano lombane ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo.
Ndisoloko ndicela abathengi baseJamani ukuba baqinisekise izinto ezintathu kuxwebhu lokuthobela imithetho ye-LVD: (1) ifayile yobugcisa kufuneka ibhekisele kuhlelo oluthile oluqhelekileyo — “EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023,” kungekhona nje “EN 60335-2-9″ — kubaIinguqulelo ezisemgangathweni zezithethe zaseJamani ezichasene neJenali Esemthethweni ye-EU yemigangatho evisisanisiweyo(2) iSibhengezo sokuVumelana kufuneka sisayinwe ngummeli we-EU okhethiweyo onedilesi yendawo, kungekuphela nje enesitampu sefektri; (3) amaxwebhu obuchwephesha kufuneka aquke into yokufudumezai-voltage elinganisiweyo, igalelo lamandla, kunye neklasi yokwambathisakunye neemeko zokulinganisa ezichazwe ngokucacileyo.
EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023 — Umgangatho woKhuseleko oluKhethekileyo kwi-Toaster Oven
Lo mgangatho uhambelanayo lolona xwebhu lobuchwephesha lubalulekileyo olulawula ukhuseleko lwezinto zokufudumeza i-oven ye-toaster kwi-EU, kwaye ndigcina ikopi eprintiweyo yohlelo luka-2023 edesikeni yam kuba ndiyibhekisa ubuncinane kabini ngeveki. I-EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023igubungela iimfuno ezithile zeegrill, iitoaster, kunye nezixhobo zokupheka ezifanayo eziphathwayo, kwaye uhlelo luka-2023 luzise utshintsho oluninzi lovavanyo endiye ndaludibanisa neenkqubo zethu zovavanyo lwemveliso kunyaka ophelileyo.
Umgangatho ufuna uvavanyo lwamandla ombane kwi-3,000V ukuze kufunyanwe ubushushu obuqinisiweyo kwaye uyalela ukuba izinto zokufudumeza ezingenanto kwii-oveni mazibekwe kuphela phezulu kwigumbi elifudumeleyo.Ngokwembono yam yolawulo lwemveliso, ezona mfuno zibalulekileyo kwi-EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023 yento yokufudumeza i-oven ye-toaster zezi: Isiqendu 13 — umsinga ovuzayo kunye namandla ombane kubushushu bokusebenza, nto leyo efuna ukuba umsinga ovuzayo ungadluli kwi-0.75mA kwizixhobo zeClass I ezinegalelo lombane elingaphezulu kwe-0.75kW; Isiqendu 16 — umsinga ovuzayo kunye namandla ombane emva konyango lokufuma (iiyure ezingama-48 kumswakama ohambelanayo we-93%); kunye nesiqendu 19 — uvavanyo olungaqhelekanga lokusebenza, oluquka ukutshixa into yokufudumeza kwindawo enikwe amandla ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho langatye, isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo, okanye igesi enobuthi ekhutshwayo.
Ngenxa yokuba uhlelo luka-2023 luzise imida emitsha yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kwiindawo zangaphandle ezifikelelekayo — nto leyo ecacisa ukuba iindawo ezingaphakathi kwe-25mm ukusuka kwiindawo zokungena komoya aziyi kudlula amaxabiso eTheyibhile 102 kunye ne-40K — ababoneleli bezinto zokufudumeza kufuneka ngoku banike idatha yemifanekiso yobushushu ebonisa ukusasazwa kwamaqondo obushushu obuphezulu phantsi komthwalo ophezulu olinganisiweyo.Ndiyifakile le mfuneko kwiprotokholi yethu yovavanyo oluqhelekileyo aphaJingwei Heat: yonke into yokufudumeza i-oven ngoku ithunyelwa nge-EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023 matrix yovavanyo lokuthobela imithetho egubungela zonke izigaba ezilishumi zovavanyo oluyimfuneko. Xa umphicothi we-TÜV womthengi wakho waseJamani ecela ingxelo yovavanyo lokufuma lweClause 16, uyivelisa ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana engama-60.
Ukumakishwa kwe-CE kunye neSibhengezo se-EU sokuVumelana: Oko Umthengisi Wakho waseTshayina Amele Akunike
Uphawu lwe-CE kwi-toaster oven element yokufudumeza luvakaliso olusemthethweni olwenziwe ngumvelisi lokuba imveliso iyahlangabezana nayo yonke imiyalelo efanelekileyo ye-EU, kwaye ndisayine iZibhengezo zokuVumelana ngokwaneleyo ukuze ndikwazi ukuba lonke igama elikwelo xwebhu linobunzima obusemthethweni.Imiyalelo esebenzayo ikakhulu yi-LVD 2014/35/EU, i-EMC Directive 2014/30/EU (yezinto zokufudumeza ezine-electronic temperature controls), kunye ne-RoHS 3 Directive 2011/65/EU njengoko ilungisiwe yi-(EU) 2024/1416.
Ndifumanise ukuba abathengi bamakhitshi athengiswayo aseJamani bangqongqo kakhulu kunabathengi abavela kwezinye iimarike ze-EU xa behlola amaxwebhu e-CE. Nangona umsasazi waseFransi enokwamkela iPDF eskeniweyo ye-DoC,Abathengi baseJamani basoloko becela: ifayile epheleleyo yokwakha yobugcisa equka iidayagram zesekethe kunye nebhili yezinto ezinokulandeleka komthengisi; iitshathi zokuhamba kwenkqubo yemveliso ezibonisa amasango okulawula umgangatho; kunye neengxelo zovavanyo lomntu wesithathu ezivela kwilebhu evunyiweyo yi-ISO/IEC 17025 - kuba umthetho waseJamani woxanduva lwemveliso (Produkthaftungsgesetz) ubeka umthwalo wobungqina kumngenisi, hayi kumenzi, xa isiphene semveliso sibangela ukwenzakala.
Ngoku kaIsikhokelo seCETECOM kwiSikhokelo seVolthi ephantsi, umenzi kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba imveliso inohlobo, ibhetshi, okanye inombolo yeserial evumela ukuchongwa — imfuneko endiyibonileyo ababoneleli baseTshayina bengayinaki amaxesha amaninzi kunokuba ndinokubala. Kwinto yokufudumeza, oku kuthetha ukukrolwa nge-laser ikhowudi yebhetshi kunye nomlinganiselo wevolthi/amandla ngqo kwiphini ebandayo okanye kwi-terminal flange.Into yokufudumeza engenazo iimpawu zokuzazisa ezisisigxina ayizukwamkelwa kwizithethe zaseJamani nokuba amaphepha ahamba nayo aphelele kangakanani na.
U-GS Mark (Geprüfte Sicherheit): Umqondiso woKhuseleko waseJamani ngokuZithandela kodwa oSigqibo kuRhwebo
Uphawu lwe-GS lulolwenziwe ngokuzithandela — kodwa kwimeko yokuthengwa kwekhitshi lorhwebo lwaseJamani, luyimfuneko, kwaye andinakuthumela into yokufudumeza kumthengi waseJamani we-HORECA ngaphandle kwayo.Ngokungafaniyo nophawu lwe-CE, oluxhomekeke kwisibhengezo somenzi sokuvumelana, uphawu lwe-GS lufuna uvavanyo oluzimeleyo lomntu wesithathu kunye nokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kwifektri yiqumrhu lesatifikethi elivunyiweyo yi-DGUV njenge-TÜV Rheinland, i-TÜV SÜD, i-VDE, okanye i-DEKRA. Ndikhokele abathengi abathathu baseJamani be-OEM ngesatifikethi se-GS kwaye ndingakuxelela: uhlolo lwefektri yeyona nto inzima, hayi uvavanyo lohlobo.
NgokweIsikhokelo sesatifikethi se-GS seNemko, inkqubo yokuqinisekiswa ibandakanya: uvavanyo lohlobo lwesampulu emeleyo ngokuchasene nemigangatho ye-EN ehambelanayo efanelekileyo; ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwefektri ukuqinisekisa ulawulo lomgangatho wemveliso; kunye nokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa konyaka ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa okuqhubekayo.Kwinto yokufudumeza i-oven ye-toaster, uvavanyo lwe-GS mark ludlula i-EN IEC 60335-2-9 ukuze lubandakanye uvavanyo lokunyamezela koomatshini — ngesiqhelo imijikelo yobushushu eyi-5,000 yokuvula/ukucima kwi-120% yevolthi elinganisiweyo — olulinganisa ukusetyenziswa kwekhitshi lorhwebo kangangeminyaka emithathu.
Ndikhokele abathengi abathathu baseJamani be-OEM kwinkqubo yokuqinisekiswa kwe-GS mark ngeiimveliso zethu zezinto zokufudumeza, kwaye ixesha elimiselweyo ukusuka kwisicelo ukuya kwisiqinisekiso lidla ngokuba ziiveki ezisi-8 ukuya kwezili-12. Ingqiqo ebalulekileyo endiyabelana ngayo nomthengi ngamnye omtsha: qalisa isicelo sophawu lwe-GS ngaphambi kokuba imveliso iqale, hayi emva koko, kuba uhlobo lovavanyo lwesampuli kufuneka luthathwe kwizixhobo zemveliso, kungekhona kwizixhobo zeprototype.Uphawu lwe-GS olukhutshwe ngokuchasene neesampuli zeprototype alusebenzi ngokusemthethweni phantsi kwe-ProdSG, kwaye amagunya okujonga imarike yaseJamani angakwazi — kwaye akwenze — ukurhoxisa izatifikethi ze-GS ezifunyenwe ngokusebenzisa isampuli engafanelekanga.
Ukuthobela Izinto Eziyimfuneko: I-REACH, i-RoHS, kunye nokuQhagamshelana Nokutya Izinto Ezifunekayo
Izinto zokufudumeza kwii-oveni zetoaster zorhwebo azijongani nemigaqo yokhuseleko lombane kuphela kodwa zijongene nemida yeekhemikhali ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukukhethwa kwezinto — kwaye ndichithe iiyure ezininzi ndilandela amaxwebhu okuthobela iRoHS kubaboneleli bethu bezinto eziluhlaza kuba kulapho uthotho lokuthobela imithetho lubuthathaka khona.I-RoHS 3 Directive ithintela izinto ezilishumi — kuquka i-lead (≤0.1% okanye i-1,000 ppm kwinqanaba lezinto ezilinganayo), i-mercury, i-cadmium, i-hexavalent chromium, ii-PBB, ii-PBDE, kunye nee-phthalates ezine (i-DEHP, i-BBP, i-DBP, i-DIBP) — kwaye ukusukela ngo-2026, ukukhululwa kwe-lead okubalulekileyo ekuveliseni izinto zokufudumeza sele kusondela ekuphelelweni. Sele ndiqalile ukutshintsha iinkqubo zethu zokurhawuzelela kwiindlela ezingenalo i-lead kuba andifuni ukuba abathengi bam babanjwe bengalindelanga xa ukukhululwa kwe-6c kuphelelwa ngo-2027.
Kubavelisi bezinto zokufudumeza, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe yiRoHS ngumxholo welothe kwi-alloy ye-nickel-chromium resistance wire kunye nezinto zokugquma ezisetyenziselwa uqhagamshelo lwesiphelo. I-standard Ni80Cr20 resistance wire inokuba nelothe enomkhondo njengesincedisi sokucubungula, kwayekuba ukunyanzeliswa kweRoHS ngaseJamani kwinqanaba lezinto ezifanayo kungqongqo kunomndilili we-EU - kunye namanye amazwe aseJamani enza uvavanyo lwe-XRF kwindawo yokungenisa - ndifuna bonke ababoneleli bethu bezinto eziluhlaza ukuba banike iingxelo zovavanyo lwelebhu oluvunyiweyo yi-ISO 17025 kuzo zonke izinto ezilishumi zeRoHS 3 ngaphambi kokuba samkele nayiphi na ibhetshi yocingo lokumelana okanye ityhubhu yesheath.
Ukongeza, uMthetho we-REACH (EC) we-EU No 1907/2006 ufuna ukubhaliswa kwezinto zeekhemikhali ezidlula itoni e-1 ngonyaka, kwaye uLuhlu lwaBafaki be-SVHC ngoku luqulethe izinto ezingaphezu kwama-240. Kwizinto zokufudumeza izinto zesheya — i-Incoloy 800, i-SUS304, kunye ne-SUS321 — inkxalabo ephambili ye-REACH ngumxholo we-nickel (30-35% kwi-Incoloy 800), ehlelwe njenge-sensitizer yesikhumba. Nangona imo yesinyithi ingabi namngcipheko wokuvezwa ngexesha lokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo, amaxwebhu akho kufuneka abonise ukuthobela ukwenziwa kwemveliso kwindawo yokusebenza kunye nemida yokuvezwa emsebenzini ye-EU.Ndigcina imatriki yokuthobela izinto kuyo yonke imimiselo yethuikhathalogu yemveliso, ibhekisa kwicandelo ngalinye le-BOM ngokuchasene noluhlu lwamva nje lwe-REACH SVHC kunye nesiseko sedatha sokuxolelwa kwe-RoHS.
Ukumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation kunye namandla e-dielectric: Iingxelo zovavanyo ezifundwe ngabahloli baseJamani ngokwenene
Ukuba kukho iphepha elinye kwifayile yakho yobugcisa eliza kuhlolwa ngumphicothi we-TÜV waseJamani ngeglasi yokukhulisa, yingxelo yokumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation kunye novavanyo lwamandla e-dielectric — Ndiyazi kuba bendisegumbini xa umphicothi we-TÜV SÜD echithe imizuzu engama-45 kwiphepha elinye lengxelo yovavanyo.Ezi parameter zimbini zezona zibonakaliso ziphambili zokhuseleko lombane wezinto zokufudumeza, kwaye kufuneka zixelwe ngeemeko ezithile zovavanyo, kungekuphela nje ngokudlula amaxabiso. Ndifunde esi sifundo ngendlela ebiza kakhulu: ukwaliwa kophicotho lwango-2021 okwasibiza ukulibaziseka kokuhanjiswa kweeveki ezintandathu kuba ingxelo yethu yovavanyo ibonise amaxabiso okumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation ngaphandle kokuchaza i-voltage yokulinganisa.
Ngokusekelwe kwidatha yovavanyo yokwenyani evelaumgca wethu wemveliso yezinto zokufudumeza ezifinniweyo, nantsi into ekufuneka iqukwe yingxelo yovavanyo oluhambelana nemithetho yaseJamani:Ukumelana nobushushu kwimeko yokufuma: ≥200MΩ ilinganiswe kwi-500V DC (ayisiyiyo i-1MΩ encinci evunyelwe yi-IEC 60335-2-9 — Abathengi baseJamani bezorhwebo balindele umda ophezulu). Ukumelana nobushushu emva kovavanyo lobushushu obufumileyo lweeyure ezingama-48 (93% RH, 40°C): ≥30MΩ. Umsinga wokuvuza kwimeko yokufuma: ≤0.1mA (ungqongqo ngokuphindwe kalishumi kunesiseko se-0.75mA IEC). Amandla e-dielectric: 2,000V/min ukumelana ne-voltage ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okanye ukutshayelwa.
Ndifunde ukuba kutheni la maxabiso athile ebaluleke kakhulu ngexesha lophicotho lwango-2021 xa injineli ye-TÜV SÜD ichaze ukuba umda we-200MΩ — endaweni ye-1MΩ encinci — uqhutywa ziindawo zokusebenza zasekhitshini zorhwebo apho umphunga, umphunga wamafutha, kunye neekhemikhali zokucoca zenza iprofayili yoxinzelelo lobushushu olunamandla ngakumbi kuneemeko zasekhitshini zasekhaya.Ngenxa yokuba i-oven ye-toaster yorhwebo kwi-buffet yehotele yaseBerlin isenokujikeleza izihlandlo ezingama-200-300 ngemini kwindawo enomswakama ophezulu, inkqubo yokwambathisa iyancipha ngokukhawuleza malunga namaxesha ama-3-4 kunakwindlela esetyenziswa ngayo ekhaya - yiyo loo nto abathengi baseJamani befuna amaxabiso okumelana nokwambathisa i-insulation aphezulu ngokuphindwe ngama-200 kunobuncinci be-IEC.
Uluhlu olupheleleyo lweeMpawu zoKutshekisha iiRekhodi zeSivumelwano seeRhafu zaseJamani
Nantsi iphakheji yamaxwebhu endiyihlanganisayo xa kuthunyelwa impahla eJamani.
Amaxwebhu ayimfuneko (ngaphandle kwala maxwebhu, ukuthunyelwa kwakho akuyi kususa amasiko aseJamani):
1. I-invoyisi yentengiso— kufuneka ibandakanye ikhowudi ye-HS 8516.80 (ii-electric heating resistor), ilizwe lemvelaphi (CN), ubunzima obupheleleyo kunye nobunzima obupheleleyo kwiikhilogram, kunye nesibhengezo sexabiso ngeyunithi nganye ngemali (EUR). Ikhowudi ye-HS 8516.80 ibalulekile: ukwahlulahlula izinto zokufudumeza ezingaphantsi kwe-8516.90 (iinxalenye) kubangela ireyithingi eyahlukileyo yomrhumo kwaye kunokulibazisa ukususwa kwezixhobo ngeentsuku ezi-5-10 zokusebenza.
2. Uluhlu lokupakisha— kufuneka ihambelane ngqo ne-invoyisi yorhwebo ngokwento emgceni, kuquka ubungakanani bekhathoni, amanani ekhathoni, kunye nobunzima bekhathoni nganye nganye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-±50g yokuchaneka.
3. Ibhili yoThutho okanye i-Air Waybill— kwimpahla yolwandle eya eHamburg okanye eBremerhaven, qinisekisa ukuba intsimi yomthumeli ihambelana ngqo negama lobhaliso lwenombolo ye-EORI.
4. Isibhengezo se-EU sokuVumelana— isayinwe, inomhla, ibhekisa kwi-EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023 kunye ne-Directive 2014/35/EU, kunye nedilesi yendawo yommeli ogunyazisiweyo we-EU (hayi iofisi ebonakalayo).
5. Isatifikethi sokuMakisha se-CE okanye ingxelo yovavanyo— evela kwilabhoratri evunyiweyo yi-ISO/IEC 17025, equka ukuthotyelwa kwe-LVD, i-EMC, kunye ne-RoHS.
6. Ingxelo yoVavanyo lokuxhathisa ukugquma kunye namandla e-dielectric— ngeqela ngalinye, kungekhona ngoyilo ngalunye, kunye neemeko zokulinganisa ezichazwe ngokucacileyo (i-voltage, ubushushu, ukufuma, ixesha lovavanyo).
Amaxwebhu afanelekileyo kwezorhwebo (ngobuchule ayimfuneko, kodwa afunwa ngabathengi baseJamani):
7. Isatifikethi se-GS Mark— evela kwiqumrhu lovavanyo elivunyiweyo yi-DGUV, apho inombolo yesatifikethi kunye nomhla wokuphelelwa kokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kubonakala ngokucacileyo.
8. I-EN IEC 60335-2-9 Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lweMatrix yoVavanyo lokuThotyelwa kweMithetho— igubungela zonke iziqendu ezilishumi zovavanyo eziyimfuneko kunye neziphumo zokupasa/zokungaphumeleli kunye nedatha yokulinganisa, kungekuphela nje ingxelo yesishwankathelo.
9. Iphepha leDatha yoKhuseleko lweMpahla (i-MSDS)— kwi-alloy ye-resistance wire alloy, i-MgO insulation compound, kunye nezinto ze-sheath (Incoloy 800 okanye i-SUS304), ehambelana ne-EU Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Annex II format.
10.Ingxelo yokuthobela iRoHS 3— ngesixhobo ngasinye esifanayo, esigubungela zonke izinto ezilishumi ezithintelweyo, ezivela kwilabhoratri evunyiweyo yi-ISO 17025.
11.Isatifikethi se-ISO 9001 seFactory— ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlolwa kwangoku nangaphakathi kokujonga, apho umda ugubungela ngokucacileyo "uyilo kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto zokufudumeza ngombane."
12.Ingxelo yoMfanekiso woBushushu— ebonisa ukusasazwa kobushushu bomphezulu kumthwalo ophezulu olinganisiweyo, kunye namaxabiso obushushu kwiindawo zokulinganisa igridi angabi ngaphezu kwe-50mm ukusuka kwenye, njengoko kufunekayo kuhlelo luka-2023 lwe-EN IEC 60335-2-9 ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotyelwa komgangatho okufikelelekayo.
Andinakukubeka ngaphezulu oku: ukuthunyelwa kwempahla okungama-47, ukukhutshwa kwempahla okuphumeleleyo okungama-47, akukho zindleko zokunciphisa iindleko— kwaye yiyo loo nto iphakheji yamaxwebhu engasentla.
Indlela iJingwei Heat exhasa ngayo ukuthobela kwakho imithetho yokungenisa impahla yaseJamani
Emva kweminyaka esibhozo yokuthunyelwaizinto zokufudumeza ezenziwe ngokwezifisoKwii-OEM zaseYurophu, ndakhe indlela yokusebenza yokuxhasa ukuthobela imithetho esusa izikhewu zoxwebhu ezibangela ukwaliwa kwee-port.Xa ufaka iodolo yezinto zokufudumeza i-oven ye-toaster eziya kwimarike yaseJamani, nantsi into eyenzekayo kuthi ngaphambi kokuba isitya siphume kumzi-mveliso wethu waseShengzhou:
Okokuqala, senza iphakheji yokuthobela ukuthunyelwa kwangaphambili equka onke amaxwebhu alishumi elinesibini adweliswe apha ngasentla — kungekhona njengeetemplate ezingenanto, kodwa ezizaliswe yidatha yovavanyo lwento yakho yokufudumeza. Ukumelana nobushushu, amandla e-dielectric, kunye namaxabiso angoku okuvuza kuloo phakheji avela kwibhetshi yokwenyani yemveliso, evavanyiwe kwisikhululo sethu sovavanyo lokhuseleko lombane esingaphakathi esilinganiswe ngokwemigangatho yokulandelela ye-IEC 17025.
Okwesibini, ukuba umthengi wakho waseJamani ufuna isiqinisekiso se-GS mark, ndisebenzisana ngqo nenjineli yesatifikethi se-TÜV okanye se-VDE ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetshi yesampulu yovavanyo lohlobo ithathwe kwizixhobo zemveliso - hayi kwizixhobo zeprototype - kwaye umzi-mveliso wethu ulungele uphicotho lokuqala ngaphambi kokuba kufike umphicothi-zincwadi.Ngenxa yokuba ndidlule kule nkqubo kunye namaqumrhu amathathu ahlukeneyo oqinisekiso oluvunyiweyo yi-DGUV, ndiyazi kakuhle ukuba zeziphi iingxelo zovavanyo abazibeka phambili kunye nokuba zeziphi iifomathi zoxwebhu abazamkelayo ngaphandle kwezicelo zohlaziyo.
Okwesithathu, yonke into yokufudumeza ekuthunyelweni kwakho ibhalwe nge-laser ngekhowudi yebhetshi esisigxina, umlinganiselo wevolthi, umlinganiselo wamandla, kunye nophawu lwe-CE — alunastampu ye-inki okanye luncamathiselwe ilebheli — kuba abahloli berhafu baseJamani baya kwala izinto apho iimpawu zomthetho zinokususwa ngaphandle kokushiya umonakalo obonakalayo. Le mfuneko ivela ngqo kwiNqaku 17 loMgaqo (EC) No 765/2008, elifuna ukuba uphawu lwe-CE “luncamathiselwe ngokubonakalayo, ngokufundekayo, nangokungacimekiyo.”
Ndikhe ndahamba kwindawo yovavanyo yaseMunich eTÜV SÜD, ndahlala kwiintlanganiso zesatifikethi seVDE eFrankfurt, ndaza ndaxoxa nabathengisi berhafu baseHamburg ngentsimbi yesi-3 kusasa ngexesha laseBeijing malunga nokungangqinelani kwamaxwebhu.Xa ungenisa izinto zokufudumeza eJamani, umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuchaneka kwamaphepha zizinto ezifanayo. Ukuba udinga uncedo — isikhongozeli sokuqala okanye samashumi amahlanu —fikeleleSiyazi kakuhle apho kukho imigibe khona.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Ngaba izinto zokufudumeza i-oven ye-toaster ezivela eTshayina zifuna isiqinisekiso se-VDE ukuze zingene eJamani?
Hayi, isiqinisekiso se-VDE asiyomfuneko esemthethweni yokungenisa izinto zokufudumeza eJamani. Ubuncinane obusemthethweni kukuphawulwa kwe-CE phantsi kwe-LVD 2014/35/EU, okuxhaswa yiSibhengezo sokuVumelana esisemthethweni. Nangona kunjalo, uphawu lwe-GS - olunokukhutshwa yi-VDE, i-TÜV, okanye i-DEKRA - luyinto egqibeleleyo kwezorhwebo kuba uninzi lwemigaqo-nkqubo ye-inshurensi yekhitshi yorhwebo yaseJamani kunye neekhontrakthi zokuthenga ziyayifuna ngokucacileyo. Ngaphandle kophawu lwe-GS, izinto zakho zokufudumeza ziya kungeniswa ngokusemthethweni kodwa zingathengiswa kwimarike ye-HORECA yeziko.
Yintoni ebangela ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwezinto zokufudumeza kubanjwe kwi-customs zaseJamani?
Kumava am kwiimpahla ezingama-47 zaseYurophu, isizathu esiqhelekileyo sokwaliwa sisibhengezo sokuVumelana esingaphelelanga okanye esingacwangciswanga kakuhle — ngokukodwa, iireferensi ezisemgangathweni ezihambelanayo ezingekhoyo okanye eziphelelwe lixesha, idilesi yommeli ogunyazisiweyo we-EU engekhoyo, okanye izibhengezo ezingasayinwanga. Esesibini esiqhelekileyo kukuphawulwa kwemveliso okungahlangabezani nemfuneko "engenakucinywa" phantsi koMgaqo (EC) No 765/2008 — iimpawu ezinesitampu se-inki ezinokucinywa ngesicoci se-solvent ziya kubangela ukuba kubekho i-customs hold kuba uphawu lwe-CE kufuneka lusinde kwiikhemikhali zokucoca ezilindelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwiikhitshi zorhwebo.
Isiqinisekiso se-GS mark sithatha ixesha elingakanani kwisixhobo sokufudumeza?
Inkqubo epheleleyo yesatifikethi se-GS — kuquka uvavanyo lohlobo, ukuhlolwa kwefektri, kunye nokukhutshwa kwesatifikethi — idla ngokuthatha iiveki ezi-8-12 ukususela ekungenisweni kwesicelo. Ixesha elibekiweyo linokunciphisa ukuya kwiiveki ezi-6 ukuba ilabhoratri yovavanyo inolwazi olukhoyo ngodidi loyilo lwezixhobo zokufudumeza kwaye ifektri inesatifikethi se-ISO 9001 sangoku esinomlinganiselo wophicotho-zincwadi ogubungela ukwenziwa kwezinto zokufudumeza. Uhlolo lonyaka emva koko luthatha iintsuku ezi-2-3 kwindawo leyo.
Yeyiphi ikhowudi ye-HS endifanele ndiyisebenzise kwizinto zokufudumeza i-oven ye-toaster?
Ikhowudi ye-HS 8516.80 — “Ii-resistors zobushushu zombane” — luluhlu oluchanekileyo lwezinto zokufudumeza i-oven ye-toaster. Musa ukusebenzisa i-8516.90 (iindawo zezixhobo ze-electrothermic), njengoko oku kubangela izinga lomrhumo elahlukileyo phantsi kwenkqubo ye-TARIC ye-EU kwaye kunokubangela izicelo zokwahlulahlula ezilibazisa ukususwa. Izinga lomrhumo phantsi kwe-HS 8516.80 lokungeniswa kwi-EU okuvela eTshayina ngokuqhelekileyo yi-2.7%, kodwa oku kunokwahluka ngokusekwe kuhlu oluthile lwekhowudi yempahla. Soloko uqinisekisa izinga lomrhumo wangoku we-TARIC kunye nomthengisi wakho wamasiko waseJamani ngaphambi kokuba uthunyelwe.
Ngaba uhlelo luka-2023 lwe-EN IEC 60335-2-9 lufuna uvavanyo oluhlaziyiweyo kwiindlela ezikhoyo zoyilo lwezinto zokufudumeza?
Ewe — uhlelo luka-2023 luzise imida emitsha yokunyuka kobushushu kwiindawo ezifikelelekayo, luhlaziywe uvavanyo olungaqhelekanga lokusebenza kwiitoaster kuquka neemfuno zolawulo lwesibini, kunye novavanyo olutsha lokulayisha ishelufu ye-oven. Nasiphi na iFayile yeSatifikethi soYilo lwe-Heating element (DCF) ebhekisa kuhlelo lwangaphambili kufuneka ihlaziywe ngedatha yovavanyo phantsi kweemfuno zika-2023. Ixesha lotshintsho lwezatifikethi ezikhoyo phantsi kohlelo oludala oluqhelekileyo ludla ngokuphela kwiinyanga ezingama-24 emva komhla wokuhambelana kohlelo luka-2023, oko kuthetha ukuba ukuzala kuphele phakathi ko-2025.
Ndingayisebenzisa i-SUS304 endaweni ye-Incoloy 800 kwisixhobo sokufudumeza i-oven ye-toaster yorhwebo?
Ewe, i-SUS304 yanele ngokwetekhnoloji kwizinto zokufudumeza i-oven ye-toaster ezisebenza kumaqondo obushushu e-sheath ukuya kuthi ga kwi-650°C, ngelixa i-Incoloy 800 ilinganiswe kumaqondo obushushu e-sheath ukuya kuthi ga kwi-800°C. Kwii-oven ezininzi ze-toaster zorhwebo apho ubushushu be-sheath ye-heating element bufikelela kwi-450-550°C, i-SUS304 yanele. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iinkcukacha zomjikelo womsebenzi womthengi wakho waseJamani zidlula iiyure ezili-16 zokusebenza rhoqo imihla ngemihla, ndincoma kakhulu i-Incoloy 800 kuba ukumelana ne-oxidation ye-SUS304 kuyawohloka ngokulinganisela emva kweeyure ezili-12,000 kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-500°C — malunga neminyaka eyi-2.3 yomjikelo womsebenzi wekhitshi lorhwebo — ngelixa i-Incoloy 800 igcina ukumelana okuzinzileyo kwe-oxidation kumphezulu ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-20,000 phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo.
Malunga noMbhali
UJake
Umphathi weMveliso, iShengzhou Jingwei Electric Heating Appliance Co., Ltd
UJake ebelawula imigca yemveliso yezinto zokufudumeza kunye nokuthobela imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe kwiShengzhou Jingwei Electric Heating Appliance ukusukela ngo-2016, ejongene nokuthunyelwa kweetyhubhu zeheater ezinyibilikisa iqhwa ngokwezifiso, izinto zokufudumeza ze-oven, izinto zokufudumeza ezifinniweyo, iityhubhu zokufudumeza zombane, iiheater zerabha zesilicone, iipads zokufudumeza zerabha zesilicone, iiheater zecrankcase, iiheater zedrain line, iiheater zefoyile yealuminium, kunye neeplate zokufudumeza zealuminium kubathengi bezorhwebo nabemizi-mveliso kulo lonke elaseYurophu, eMntla Melika, nakuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia. Uququzelele ngokwakhe uphicotho lwesatifikethi seGS mark kunye namaqumrhu amathathu ovavanyo avunyiweyo yiDGUV kwaye ulawule ukuthunyelwa kweekhonteyina ezingama-47 kwimarike yaseJamani ngesantya sempumelelo yokususwa kwerhafu ye-100%. Usebenza kwiziko lemveliso lenkampani eShengzhou, kwiPhondo laseZhejiang, eTshayina.
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Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-09-2026